The Climate and Development Lab at Brown University, USA, teamed up with the International Centre for Climate Change and Development in Bangladesh to develop a typology of 14 ways developed nations have resisted efforts by the developing world to create funding mechanisms under the UNFCCC to pay for losses and damages resulting from climate change. Developed nations bear most of the responsibility for the planet-warming gases that are in the atmosphere currently, but have resisted any formal mechanisms under the climate treaty. This new "field guide" to obstruction tactics may be of use to negotiators, campaigners, academics, and journalists in understanding how this thirty-year struggle has unfolded, and to understand what they are seeing and hearing in upcoming negotiations, including in Egypt at COP27.​